This book puts together the viewpoints of all the key contributors and players in the SoSE community, and defines this discipline's challenges and their solutions. This edited work delivers all the fundamental topics of the SoS from basic definitions, background of large-scale systems to modeling, simulation, architecture, standards, control, optimizations and various applications to transportation, energy, defense, environment, healthcare, aerospace, service industry, security, robotic swarms, information technology, and more. The chapter authors are among the world leaders of this relatively new technology.